Takamaiman buƙatun don gwajin aikin rediyo na bawul ɗin matsar da bawul ɗin bawul ɗin bawul ɗin bawul ɗin ƙarfe buƙatun ingancin bayyanar

Takamaiman buƙatun don gwajin aikin rediyo na bawul ɗin ƙwanƙwasa simintin ƙarfe bawul ɗin ƙarfe simintin bayyanar ingancin buƙatun Abubuwan da ake buƙata na simintin simintin gyare-gyare akan fim ɗin sun kasu kashi biyar: rami na iska, yashi da haɗaɗɗen slag, ramin raguwa da porosity, chiller na ciki wanda ba a haɗa shi da fashe ba. Za'a iya la'akari da pores na lahani a yankin gyaran walda na gyare-gyare a kan mummunan a matsayin kimantawa na lahani na simintin gyare-gyare, yayin da ba a narkar da slag a cikin yankin waldawa na gyaran gyare-gyare ba kuma ba a haɗa shi ba za'a iya la'akari da ƙaddamar da lahani na simintin gyaran kafa. . Ana auna girman lahani gwargwadon girman hoton lahani akan fim ɗin. Ee. Don rami mai raguwa, girman ɓangaren fili na kowane lahani ne kawai ake auna, ba girman inuwar da ke kewaye ba. Lokacin da guda biyu ko fiye da lahani suka zo kan fim ɗin, a auna girman su daban. Haɗin kai: Ƙayyadaddun buƙatun don gwajin gwajin rediyo na bawul matsawa karfe simintin gyaran kafa (II) 5. Rarrabewa da kuma hanyar kimantawa na fim ɗin rediyo. da haɗaɗɗen slag, raguwar rami da porosity, chiller na ciki ba a haɗa da fashe ba. Za'a iya la'akari da pores na lahani a yankin gyaran walda na gyare-gyare a kan mummunan a matsayin kimantawa na lahani na simintin gyare-gyare, yayin da ba a narkar da slag a cikin yankin waldawa na gyaran gyare-gyare ba kuma ba a haɗa shi ba za'a iya la'akari da ƙaddamar da lahani na simintin gyaran kafa. . 5.1.2 Ana auna girman lahani gwargwadon girman hoton lahani akan fim ɗin. Ee. Don rami mai raguwa, girman ɓangaren fili na kowane lahani ne kawai ake auna, ba girman inuwar da ke kewaye ba. Lokacin da guda biyu ko fiye da lahani suka zo kan fim ɗin, a auna girman su daban. 5.1.3 Lokacin da aka haɗa lahani zuwa iyakar kimantawa (filin kallo), za a haɗa shi a cikin wuraren ƙididdiga a cikin yankin kimantawa. 5.2 Lalacewar maki na rami na iska, yashi da slag 5.2.1 Zaɓi yanki tare da babban adadin lahani akan fim mara kyau azaman yanki na kimantawa. Girman yankin kima da ƙananan lahani masu girma da aka yarda da su an ƙayyade a cikin Table 6 da 7. Table 6 Girman yankin kima da manyan wuraren da aka yarda da pores Tebura 7. Girman yanki na kima da manyan wuraren da aka yarda da yashi da slag hada 5.2.2 Adadin maki don lahani guda ɗaya za a ƙayyade a cikin Table 8 kuma gwargwadon girman lahani. Koyaya, ƙananan lahani fiye da waɗanda aka ƙayyade a cikin Tebur 9 Ba za a iya ƙidaya su ba. Tebura 8 Adadin maki don lahani ɗaya Tebura na 9 baya ƙidaya adadin lahani idan aka kwatanta da girman da aka yarda da shi mafi girma 5.2.3 Makiyoyi na lahani biyu ko fiye zasu zama jimlar maki kowane lahani a cikin yankin kima. Ana iya ƙididdige shi bisa ga Table 6 da Table 7 bi da bi, amma girman girman ƙananan pores, yashi da kuma tsaftacewa da aka yarda a matakin 1 ba zai wuce abin da aka ƙayyade a cikin Table io da Table 11 bi da bi. Tebura 10 Dangantakar girman pore masu girma da aka ba da izini ga lahani na farko Tebura 11 Kwatanta manyan yashi clamping da tsaftacewa masu girma dabam da aka ba da izini ga lahani na farko 5.3 Lalacewar maki na kogin shrinkage 5.3.1. Zaɓi wani yanki mai girman gaske na tsayi ko yanki na lahani akan mara kyau don kimantawa. Girman yanki na kima da girman girman da aka yarda da lahani an kayyade shi a cikin Table 12 ko 13. Table 12 Manyan halattaccen tsayin satin don lalata ramin tsiri. Ana iya raba lahani zuwa rami shrinkage cavity, dendritic shrinkage cavity da babban yanki shrinkage cavity bisa ga siffofin su. 5.3.3 Lissafin tsayin lahani na ramin raguwar tsiri: ramin raguwar tsiri yana ɗaukar tsayin tsayin ramin ƙanƙara kamar tsayin lahani; Biyu ko fiye da ramukan raguwar tsiri shine jimillar tsawon kowane rami mai raguwa a matsayin tsayin lahani. Lokacin da ramin raguwa ya kasance a kan iyakar yankin kimantawa, ya kamata a haɗa sashin da ke waje da layin lahani. 5.3.4 Lissafi na yanki na lahani na dendritic shrinkage cavity: dendritic shrinkage cavity shine samfurin mafi girman tsayi na lahani da kuma girman nisa na samfurin orthogonal na yanki na lahani na rami na shrinkage; Biyu ko fiye na dendritic shrinkage cavities sune jimlar wuraren kowane rami na raguwa a matsayin yanki na lahani. Lokacin da ramin raguwa ya kasance a kan iyakar yankin kimantawa, ya kamata a haɗa sashin da ke waje da layin lahani. 5.3.5 Lokacin da akwai kogon raguwa na dendritic da nau'i-nau'i mai nau'in ratsan a cikin yankin kimantawa, za a ɗauki rami mai siffa mai siffa a matsayin rami na reshe don kimantawa. Tsawon rami mai siffa mai ɗorewa zai zama tsayin raƙuman ƙanƙara mai siffa, kuma faɗin ya zama kashi ɗaya bisa uku na tsayin. 5.3.6. Ana ƙididdige lahanin raguwar babban yanki ta samfurin girman tsayin lahani wanda aka ninka ta hanyar girman girman girman kothogonal zuwa gareshi. 5.3.7 Za a yi la'akari da darajar i shrinkage cavity lahani bisa ga tsayi ko yanki na lahani a cikin yankin kimantawa. Duk da haka, ƙananan ƙananan ƙananan ƙananan fiye da waɗanda aka ƙayyade a cikin Table 14 Maiyuwa ba za a ƙidaya su azaman lahani ba. 5.3.8 Za a ƙididdige ramin raguwar ratsi bisa ga iz bisa ga jimlar tsayin lahani a cikin kima G; An kimanta kogin dendritic shrinkage bisa ga Table 13 bisa ga jimlar yanki na lahani a cikin yankin kimantawa. Ana ƙididdige girman girman yanki bisa ga jimlar yanki na lahani a cikin yanki na kimantawa bisa ga ƙimar da ke cikin maƙallan a cikin Tebura 13. Tebura 14 Mafi girman girman lahani na raguwa ba tare da kimantawa ba 5.3.9 Crack (zafin zafi da faɗuwar sanyi). , Chiller na ciki ba gauraye da laka core goyon baya ba a hade a kan fim za a kasafta ni a matsayin aji 6. 5.4 m rating na lahani 5.4.1 A cikin kima yankin, idan akwai biyu ko fiye iri lahani a lokaci guda, da rarrabuwa. za a gudanar da su daidai da nau'in lahani, sa'an nan kuma za a gudanar da cikakken ƙididdiga bisa ga hanyar da aka bayar a cikin 5.42 ~ 5.4.4. 5.4.2 A cikin yankin kimantawa, idan akwai lahani na nau'in ƙasa mai kama da juna ko nau'i biyu kuma darajar ba ta da sauƙi, za a ɗauki ƙananan matakin a matsayin cikakkiyar ƙima. 5.4.3 A wurin tantancewa, idan akwai nau'ikan lahani guda biyu ko fiye da maki iri ɗaya, za a rage mahimmin ƙimar da matakin ɗaya. A cikin nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan I guda biyu ko sama da haka, '' za'a rarraba lahanin azaman Class 2 lokacin da lamba, tsayi ko yanki na lahani ya wuce 1/2 na ƙimar da aka yarda. Koyaya, lahani da aka lasafta shi azaman matakin 2 bisa ga Table 10 ko Table 11, ko lahani da aka lasafta a matsayin matakin 2 bisa ga tebur 9 da tebur 14, wanda ya wuce iyakokin aikace-aikacen Level i ba tare da kwatankwacin girman lahani ba. a rarraba shi azaman matakin 2 ko da an haɗa shi da wani lahani na matakin 2. 5.4.4 Idan mai bita yana tunanin cewa lahani yana da haɗari na aminci, ana iya yanke hukunci a matsayin wanda bai cancanta ba. Za a duba simintin gyare-gyaren ƙarfe na bawul na tsawon daƙiƙa guda bayan an yi ado da gyara, kuma za a kimanta lahani daban-daban a saman bisa ga hotunan da aka kayyade a wannan ma'auni (duba Babi na 4). Wannan ma'auni ya tattara nau'ikan shekarun lahani na 12 (duba 4.1--4.12, kowane nau'in lahani ya haɗa da shari'o'i 5 waɗanda A, B, C, D da E suke wakilta. Duk nau'ikan lahani [nau'in a} haske c}} sharuddan a cikin rating hotuna suna wakilta. An bayyana nau'ikan da halaye na lahani daban-daban kamar haka: 1 Range Wannan ma'auni yana ƙayyadaddun nau'ikan da halaye na lahani a cikin bawuloli, flanges, kayan aikin bututu da sauran simintin gyare-gyaren ƙarfe dubawa da yarda da ingancin saman bawul, flanges, kayan aikin bututu da sauran simintin ƙarfe na matsewa 2. Ya kamata a bincika simintin ƙarfe na simintin gyare-gyare na daƙiƙa guda bayan an gyara shi kuma an gyara lahani a saman simintin. a kimanta su bisa ga hotuna da aka kayyade a cikin wannan ma'auni (duba Babi na 4). , B, C, D da E, shari'o'i biyu da A da B suka nuna suna da karɓa (cancanta), kuma lokuta uku na C, D da E suna da lahani (marasa cancanta). Bisa la'akari da matsalolin da kakin zuma ke haifarwa ta hanyar amfani da ma'auni iri ɗaya don tantance girman girman saman simintin, hotuna 60 da aka bayar a cikin wannan ma'auni misalai ne na ainihin girman zane na kowane yanki na 4 X 100 mm X 125 mm na ƙayyadaddun simintin. saman. 3. 2 Duk nau'ikan lahani a cikin hotunan rating [Nau'in a} haske c}} an bayyana su don amfani kawai ga lahani na saman. An kwatanta nau'o'in da halayen kowane lahani na saman kamar haka: a} tsaga: tsattsage madaidaiciya akan saman simintin ƙarfe saboda aikin damuwa na ciki da na waje. Yawanci fashewar saman da ake gani ba su cancanta ba. b) Ƙaƙwalwar rami: Saboda ƙarfe}}L-1}}, a cikin zubewa da yankan yankan simintin ƙarfe, sifar ba ta da ka'ida sosai, bangon yana da ƙarfi kuma akwai ramukan crystal kamar dendri. C) Yashi (slag) ramuka: ramuka tare da yashi (slag) da aka samu akan saman simintin karfe saboda shigar da yashi cikin narkakken karfe. d) Pores: saboda cakuda iskar gas a cikin narkakkar karfe, da samuwar girma dabam-dabam akan saman skim l ", bangon ramin yana da santsi da siffar pear, zagaye, murabba'i ko ramukan allura. e (Ridged). Hasashen: Ƙarfe mai siffa ta karu a saman simintin ƙarfe tare da m kwana an kafa a saman skimmer saboda lahani ko nakasawa na yashi surface g) Cold rabuwa da crease: shiga ko impenetrable crevices kafa a saman karfe simintin gyaran kafa a cikin siffar taso kan sasanninta saboda rashin cikar hadewar. Nau'in rawa a cikin epidermis gabaɗaya tare da hanyar sadarwa mai zurfi da ake kira creases saman simintin gyare-gyaren karfe suna da tabo. Fuskar ba ta da ƙarfi, gefen yana da kaifi, akwai ƙaramin ƙarfe na bege mai sauti kuma an haɗa jikin karfen da aka ɗaure, sannan akwai yashi tsakanin tabo da simintin gyaran kafa. j} Tabon takalmin gyaran kafa: Tabon da aka bari a saman simintin karfe saboda babban takalmin gyaran kafa ko chiller na ciki ya kasa narkewa gaba daya. k) Tabon walda: tabon da aka bari akan gyaran walda na simintin karfe saboda rashin gyara bayan walda. l) M surface: saman simintin karfe ba santsi da m. 4 Hotunan Rating 4. 1 Nau'in a): Crack